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'\" t .\" Title: createuser .\" Author: The PostgreSQL Global Development Group .\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.79.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/> .\" Date: 2021 .\" Manual: PostgreSQL 9.6.23 Documentation .\" Source: PostgreSQL 9.6.23 .\" Language: English .\" .TH "CREATEUSER" "1" "2021" "PostgreSQL 9.6.23" "PostgreSQL 9.6.23 Documentation" .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * Define some portability stuff .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673 .\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html .\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * set default formatting .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" disable hyphenation .nh .\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only) .ad l .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE * .\" ----------------------------------------------------------------- .SH "NAME" createuser \- define a new PostgreSQL user account .SH "SYNOPSIS" .HP \w'\fBcreateuser\fR\ 'u \fBcreateuser\fR [\fIconnection\-option\fR...] [\fIoption\fR...] [\fIusername\fR] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP createuser creates a new PostgreSQL user (or more precisely, a role)\&. Only superusers and users with CREATEROLE privilege can create new users, so createuser must be invoked by someone who can connect as a superuser or a user with CREATEROLE privilege\&. .PP If you wish to create a new superuser, you must connect as a superuser, not merely with CREATEROLE privilege\&. Being a superuser implies the ability to bypass all access permission checks within the database, so superuser access should not be granted lightly\&. .PP createuser is a wrapper around the SQL command CREATE ROLE (\fBCREATE_ROLE\fR(7))\&. There is no effective difference between creating users via this utility and via other methods for accessing the server\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .PP createuser accepts the following command\-line arguments: .PP \fIusername\fR .RS 4 Specifies the name of the PostgreSQL user to be created\&. This name must be different from all existing roles in this PostgreSQL installation\&. .RE .PP \fB\-c \fR\fB\fInumber\fR\fR .br \fB\-\-connection\-limit=\fR\fB\fInumber\fR\fR .RS 4 Set a maximum number of connections for the new user\&. The default is to set no limit\&. .RE .PP \fB\-d\fR .br \fB\-\-createdb\fR .RS 4 The new user will be allowed to create databases\&. .RE .PP \fB\-D\fR .br \fB\-\-no\-createdb\fR .RS 4 The new user will not be allowed to create databases\&. This is the default\&. .RE .PP \fB\-e\fR .br \fB\-\-echo\fR .RS 4 Echo the commands that createuser generates and sends to the server\&. .RE .PP \fB\-E\fR .br \fB\-\-encrypted\fR .RS 4 Encrypts the user\*(Aqs password stored in the database\&. If not specified, the default password behavior is used\&. .RE .PP \fB\-g \fR\fB\fIrole\fR\fR .br \fB\-\-role=\fR\fB\fIrole\fR\fR .RS 4 Indicates role to which this role will be added immediately as a new member\&. Multiple roles to which this role will be added as a member can be specified by writing multiple \fB\-g\fR switches\&. .RE .PP \fB\-i\fR .br \fB\-\-inherit\fR .RS 4 The new role will automatically inherit privileges of roles it is a member of\&. This is the default\&. .RE .PP \fB\-I\fR .br \fB\-\-no\-inherit\fR .RS 4 The new role will not automatically inherit privileges of roles it is a member of\&. .RE .PP \fB\-\-interactive\fR .RS 4 Prompt for the user name if none is specified on the command line, and also prompt for whichever of the options \fB\-d\fR/\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-r\fR/\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-s\fR/\fB\-S\fR is not specified on the command line\&. (This was the default behavior up to PostgreSQL 9\&.1\&.) .RE .PP \fB\-l\fR .br \fB\-\-login\fR .RS 4 The new user will be allowed to log in (that is, the user name can be used as the initial session user identifier)\&. This is the default\&. .RE .PP \fB\-L\fR .br \fB\-\-no\-login\fR .RS 4 The new user will not be allowed to log in\&. (A role without login privilege is still useful as a means of managing database permissions\&.) .RE .PP \fB\-N\fR .br \fB\-\-unencrypted\fR .RS 4 Does not encrypt the user\*(Aqs password stored in the database\&. If not specified, the default password behavior is used\&. .RE .PP \fB\-P\fR .br \fB\-\-pwprompt\fR .RS 4 If given, createuser will issue a prompt for the password of the new user\&. This is not necessary if you do not plan on using password authentication\&. .RE .PP \fB\-r\fR .br \fB\-\-createrole\fR .RS 4 The new user will be allowed to create new roles (that is, this user will have CREATEROLE privilege)\&. .RE .PP \fB\-R\fR .br \fB\-\-no\-createrole\fR .RS 4 The new user will not be allowed to create new roles\&. This is the default\&. .RE .PP \fB\-s\fR .br \fB\-\-superuser\fR .RS 4 The new user will be a superuser\&. .RE .PP \fB\-S\fR .br \fB\-\-no\-superuser\fR .RS 4 The new user will not be a superuser\&. This is the default\&. .RE .PP \fB\-V\fR .br \fB\-\-version\fR .RS 4 Print the createuser version and exit\&. .RE .PP \fB\-\-replication\fR .RS 4 The new user will have the REPLICATION privilege, which is described more fully in the documentation for CREATE ROLE (\fBCREATE_ROLE\fR(7))\&. .RE .PP \fB\-\-no\-replication\fR .RS 4 The new user will not have the REPLICATION privilege, which is described more fully in the documentation for CREATE ROLE (\fBCREATE_ROLE\fR(7))\&. .RE .PP \fB\-?\fR .br \fB\-\-help\fR .RS 4 Show help about createuser command line arguments, and exit\&. .RE .PP createuser also accepts the following command\-line arguments for connection parameters: .PP \fB\-h \fR\fB\fIhost\fR\fR .br \fB\-\-host=\fR\fB\fIhost\fR\fR .RS 4 Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running\&. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix domain socket\&. .RE .PP \fB\-p \fR\fB\fIport\fR\fR .br \fB\-\-port=\fR\fB\fIport\fR\fR .RS 4 Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections\&. .RE .PP \fB\-U \fR\fB\fIusername\fR\fR .br \fB\-\-username=\fR\fB\fIusername\fR\fR .RS 4 User name to connect as (not the user name to create)\&. .RE .PP \fB\-w\fR .br \fB\-\-no\-password\fR .RS 4 Never issue a password prompt\&. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available by other means such as a \&.pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail\&. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password\&. .RE .PP \fB\-W\fR .br \fB\-\-password\fR .RS 4 Force createuser to prompt for a password (for connecting to the server, not for the password of the new user)\&. .sp This option is never essential, since createuser will automatically prompt for a password if the server demands password authentication\&. However, createuser will waste a connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password\&. In some cases it is worth typing \fB\-W\fR to avoid the extra connection attempt\&. .RE .SH "ENVIRONMENT" .PP \fBPGHOST\fR .br \fBPGPORT\fR .br \fBPGUSER\fR .RS 4 Default connection parameters .RE .PP This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 32.14, \(lqEnvironment Variables\(rq, in the documentation)\&. .SH "DIAGNOSTICS" .PP In case of difficulty, see CREATE ROLE (\fBCREATE_ROLE\fR(7)) and \fBpsql\fR(1) for discussions of potential problems and error messages\&. The database server must be running at the targeted host\&. Also, any default connection settings and environment variables used by the libpq front\-end library will apply\&. .SH "EXAMPLES" .PP To create a user joe on the default database server: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf $ \fBcreateuser joe\fR .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .PP To create a user joe on the default database server with prompting for some additional attributes: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf $ \fBcreateuser \-\-interactive joe\fR Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) \fBn\fR Shall the new role be allowed to create databases? (y/n) \fBn\fR Shall the new role be allowed to create more new roles? (y/n) \fBn\fR .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .PP To create the same user joe using the server on host eden, port 5000, with attributes explicitly specified, taking a look at the underlying command: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf $ \fBcreateuser \-h eden \-p 5000 \-S \-D \-R \-e joe\fR CREATE ROLE joe NOSUPERUSER NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN; .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .PP To create the user joe as a superuser, and assign a password immediately: .sp .if n \{\ .RS 4 .\} .nf $ \fBcreateuser \-P \-s \-e joe\fR Enter password for new role: \fBxyzzy\fR Enter it again: \fBxyzzy\fR CREATE ROLE joe PASSWORD \*(Aqmd5b5f5ba1a423792b526f799ae4eb3d59e\*(Aq SUPERUSER CREATEDB CREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN; .fi .if n \{\ .RE .\} .sp In the above example, the new password isn\*(Aqt actually echoed when typed, but we show what was typed for clarity\&. As you see, the password is encrypted before it is sent to the client\&. If the option \fB\-\-unencrypted\fR is used, the password \fIwill\fR appear in the echoed command (and possibly also in the server log and elsewhere), so you don\*(Aqt want to use \fB\-e\fR in that case, if anyone else can see your screen\&. .SH "SEE ALSO" \fBdropuser\fR(1), CREATE ROLE (\fBCREATE_ROLE\fR(7))